DAMPAK EKSTERNALITAS USAHA EKONOMI PEDESAAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM ( Studi Pada Kecamatan Ulubelu Kabupaten Tanggamus )

Desta, Ade Abelia (2026) DAMPAK EKSTERNALITAS USAHA EKONOMI PEDESAAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM ( Studi Pada Kecamatan Ulubelu Kabupaten Tanggamus ). Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Perkembangan usaha ekonomi pedesaan, khususnya usaha pengolahan kopi bubuk, menjadi salah satu penggerak perekonomian masyarakat desa di Kecamatan Ulubelu, Kabupaten Tanggamus. Keberadaan usaha tersebut tidak hanya memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi pelaku usaha, tetapi juga menimbulkan berbagai dampak atau eksternalitas yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat sekitar, baik yang bersifat positif maupun negatif. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengkaji sejauh mana eksternalitas usaha kopi bubuk berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak eksternalitas usaha ekonomi pedesaan berupa usaha kopi bubuk terhadap kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa di Kecamatan Ulubelu, serta meninjaunya dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik usaha kopi bubuk, karyawan, serta masyarakat sekitar, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan usaha kopi bubuk menimbulkan eksternalitas positif dan negatif bagi masyarakat. Eksternalitas positif yang paling dominan adalah terbukanya lapangan kerja baru, meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat, serta berkembangnya aktivitas ekonomi lokal seperti meningkatnya permintaan bahan baku kopi dari petani, jasa angkutan, dan kegiatan jual beli di sekitar lokasi usaha. Dampak positif ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, terutama pada indikator pendapatan dan pendidikan. Namun demikian, terdapat pula eksternalitas negatif berupa debu penggilingan, asap penyangraian, dan kebisingan mesin produksi yang menimbulkan gangguan kenyamanan serta kekhawatiran terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan permukiman masyarakat. Ditinjau dari perspektif ekonomi Islam, usaha kopi bubuk di Kecamatan Ulubelu pada umumnya telah berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip keadilan (al-‘adl), pertanggungjawaban (mas’uliyyah), dan jaminan sosial (at-takaful al-ijtima’i). Meskipun demikian, upaya pengelolaan eksternalitas negatif masih perlu ditingkatkan agar kesejahteraan masyarakat dapat terwujud secara lebih merata dan berkelanjutan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ekonomi Islam. Kata kunci: Eksternalitas, Usaha Kopi Bubuk, Kesejahteraan Sosial Ekonomi, Ekonomi Islam. ABSTRACT The development of rural economic enterprises, particularly ground coffee processing businesses, has become one of the driving forces of the local economy in Ulubelu District, Tanggamus Regency. The existence of these businesses not only provides economic benefits for business owners but also generates various externalities that are directly experienced by surrounding communities, both positive and negative. Therefore, it is important to examine the extent to which the externalities of ground coffee businesses affect the socio-economic welfare of rural communities. This study aims to analyze the externalities of rural economic enterprises in the form of ground coffee businesses on the socio economic welfare of rural communities in Ulubelu District, Tanggamus Regency, and to review these impacts from the perspective of Islamic economics. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in depth interviews with ground coffee business owners, employees, and local communities, as well as documentation. The results of the study indicate that the existence of ground coffee businesses generates both positive and negative externalities. The most dominant positive externalities include the creation of employment opportunities, increased community income, and the growth of local economic activities such as higher demand for coffee beans from local farmers, transportation services, and trading activities around the business locations. These positive impacts contribute to improved community welfare, particularly in terms of income and education indicators. However, negative externalities were also identified, including dust from the grinding process, smoke from coffee roasting, and noise from production machinery, which cause discomfort and raise concerns regarding health and residential environmental quality. From the perspective of Islamic economics, ground coffee businesses in Ulubelu District generally operate in accordance with the principles of justice (al-‘adl), responsibility (mas’uliyyah), and social security (at takaful al-ijtima’i). Nevertheless, further efforts are required to manage and reduce negative externalities so that community welfare can be achieved more evenly and sustainably in line with Islamic economic values. Keywords: Externalities, Ground Coffee Business, Socio-Economic Welfare, Islamic Economics.

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