PANDANGAN MAZHAB SYAFI‟I DAN MAZHAB HANAFI TERHADAP KETIDAK MAMPUAN AHLI WARIS DALAM PELUNASAN UTANG PEWARIS (Studi Di Desa Tanjung Aman Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara)

Adillah, A‟izzatir Rahmah (2026) PANDANGAN MAZHAB SYAFI‟I DAN MAZHAB HANAFI TERHADAP KETIDAK MAMPUAN AHLI WARIS DALAM PELUNASAN UTANG PEWARIS (Studi Di Desa Tanjung Aman Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan Kabupaten Lampung Utara). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kegelisahan akademik terkait kesenjangan antara norma fikih kewarisan Islam dan praktik sosial di masyarakat, khususnya dalam kasus ketidakmampuan ahli waris melunasi utang pewaris. Secara normatif, utang pewaris merupakan kewajiban yang harus diselesaikan sebelum pembagian harta warisan, namun dalam realitas di Desa Tanjung Aman, Kotabumi Selatan, Lampung Utara, ditemukan kondisi di mana utang melebihi harta warisan, kemiskinan, serta keterbatasan kapasitas ahli waris menjadi faktor penghambat pelunasan utang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik yang terjadi di masyarakat serta membandingkannya dengan pandangan Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Hanafi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis field research. Sumber data primer meliputi kitab fikih seperti AlUmm, serta literatur Mazhab Hanafi, ditambah data lapangan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, dan aparat desa. Data sekunder diperoleh dari buku dan jurnal terkait hukum waris Islam, seperti Fikih al-Sunnah, Mughnī al-Muḥtāj, dan Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik di masyarakat cenderung tidak sepenuhnya mengikuti ketentuan Mazhab Syafi’i yang dianut secara formal. Ketidakmampuan ahli waris menyebabkan utang pewaris sering kali tidak dilunasi, atau dialihkan secara sosial tanpa mekanisme fikih yang jelas. Dalam perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i, pelunasan utang tetap menjadi kewajiban yang harus diprioritaskan dari harta peninggalan, bahkan menghabiskan seluruh warisan. Sementara itu, Mazhab Hanafi memberikan kelonggaran dengan tidak mewajibkan ahli waris melunasi utang pewaris jika tidak mampu, kecuali sebagai bentuk sukarela (tabarru’). Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya ketidaksesuaian antara afiliasi mazhab dan praktik hukum di masyarakat, serta mengindikasikan perlunya rekontekstualisasi fikih dalam menghadapi realitas sosial-ekonomi masyarakat. ABSTRACT This study is motivated by an academic concern regarding the gap between the normative principles of Islamic inheritance law (fiqh almawārīth) and their implementation in society, particularly in cases where heirs are unable to repay the debts of the deceased. Normatively, the debts of the deceased must be settled before the distribution of the estate. However, the reality in Tanjung Aman Village, South Kotabumi District, North Lampung Regency, reveals situations in which the deceased's debts exceed the value of the estate, while poverty and the limited financial capacity of the heirs hinder debt repayment. This study aims to analyze the inheritance practices found within the community and compare them with the perspectives of the Shāfiʿī and Ḥanafī schools of Islamic jurisprudence. This research employs a qualitative approach using a field research design. Primary data were obtained from classical fiqh sources, including AlUmm and other authoritative works representing the Ḥanafī school, as well as from field observations and in-depth interviews with religious leaders, community leaders, and village officials. Secondary data were collected from books and scholarly journals on Islamic inheritance law, including Fiqh alSunnah, Mughnī al-Muḥtāj, and Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuh. The findings indicate that inheritance practices within the community do not fully conform to the legal principles of the Shāfiʿī school, which is formally adhered to by the local Muslim population. In many cases, the heirs' financial inability results in the deceased's debts remaining unpaid or being informally transferred through social arrangements without a clear basis in Islamic jurisprudence. From the perspective of the Shāfiʿī school, the settlement of the deceased's debts remains a mandatory obligation that must take precedence over the distribution of the estate, even if it exhausts the entire inheritance. By contrast, the Ḥanafī school does not obligate heirs to repay the deceased's debts from their personal assets when they lack the financial means, except voluntarily (tabarruʿ). These findings reveal a discrepancy between the community's formal affiliation with the Shāfiʿī school and its actual legal practices, highlighting the need for a contextual reinterpretation of Islamic jurisprudence in response to contemporary socioeconomic realities.

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