TINJAUAN FIQIH MUNAKAHAT TERHADAP BESARAN MAHAR DALAM ADAT LAMPUNG (Studi di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu Kecamatan Katibung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan)

EKA, NOVITA SARI (2026) TINJAUAN FIQIH MUNAKAHAT TERHADAP BESARAN MAHAR DALAM ADAT LAMPUNG (Studi di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu Kecamatan Katibung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Mahar merupakan kewajiban yang harus diberikan oleh calon suami kepada calon istri sebagai konsekuensi akad nikah dalam hukum Islam. Dalam masyarakat adat Lampung, khususnya adat Saibatin di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu Kecamatan Katibung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, mahar yang dikenal dengan istilah junjung adat tidak hanya dimaknai sebagai syarat dalam perkawinan, tetapi juga sebagai simbol kehormatan, martabat, dan penghargaan terhadap perempuan. Namun, dalam praktiknya terjadi pergeseran nilai, di mana besaran mahar dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan status sosial calon mempelai perempuan sehingga sering menimbulkan nominal yang tinggi dan berpotensi memberatkan pihak lakilaki. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai praktik penetapan besaran mahar dalam adat Lampung serta kesesuaiannya dengan perspektif fiqih munakahat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik penetapan besaran mahar dalam adat Lampung di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu serta menganalisis kesesuaiannya berdasarkan perspektif fiqih munakahat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif-analitis. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan lima pasangan suami istri, tokoh adat, dan masyarakat setempat, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Al-Qur’an, Hadis, kitab fiqih, buku, jurnal, dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan pemeriksaan data, rekonstruksi data, sistematisasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan mahar dalam adat Lampung pesisir di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu dilakukan melalui musyawarah keluarga berdasarkan prinsip pepatut muari dan dapat berupa uang, emas, kain tapis, kerbau, atau tanah. Besaran mahar dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan calon mempelai perempuan, serta status sosial keluarga. Dalam perspektif fiqih munakahat, mahar merupakan kewajiban suami yang tidak memiliki batas minimal maupun maksimal, tetapi dianjurkan agar tidak memberatkan dan diberikan dengan penuh kerelaan. Secara umum, praktik penetapan mahar di Dusun Tanjung Jaya Desa Tanjung Ratu belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan prinsip hukum Islam karena kecenderungan peningkatan mahar berdasarkan faktor sosial kurang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam yang menekankan kemudahan, kesederhanaan, dan kemaslahatan dalam perkawinan. ABSTRACT Mahr is an obligation that must be given by the prospective husband to the prospective wife as a consequence of the marriage contract in Islamic law. In the Lampung customary community, particularly the Saibatin tradition in Tanjung Ratu Village, Katibung District, South Lampung Regency, mahr, known as junjung adat, is not only regarded as a requirement of marriage but also as a symbol of honor, dignity, and appreciation for women. However, in practice, there has been a shift in values in which the amount of mahr is influenced by the educational background, occupation, and social status of the prospective bride, often resulting in a high amount that may burden the male party. This condition raises questions regarding the practice of determining the amount of mahr in Lampung custom and its conformity with the perspective of Fiqih Munakahat. This research aims to determine the practice of determining the amount of mahr in Lampung custom in Tanjung Ratu Village and to analyze its conformity based on the perspective of Fiqih Munakahat. This study is a field research using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Primary data were obtained through interviews with five married couples, customary leaders, and local community members, while secondary data were obtained from the Qur’an, Hadith, fiqh books, books, journals, and relevant laws and regulations. Data collection techniques were conducted through interviews and documentation, then analyzed through the stages of data examination, data reconstruction, data systematization, and descriptive conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the determination of mahr in the coastal Lampung custom in Tanjung Ratu Village is carried out through family deliberation based on the principle of pepatut muari, and may take the form of money, gold, tapis cloth, buffaloes, or land. The amount of mahr is influenced by the educational level, occupation of the prospective bride, and family social status. From the perspective of Fiqih Munakahat, mahr is an obligation of the husband with no specific minimum or maximum limit; however, it is recommended not to be burdensome and should be given willingly. In general, the practice of determining mahr in Tanjung Ratu Village has not been fully in line with Islamic legal principles because the tendency to increase mahr based on social factors is less compatible with Islamic teachings that emphasize simplicity, convenience, and welfare in marriage.

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