ANALISIS HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP TRADISI KHITBAH DAN DENDA PINANGAN DALAM LAMARAN STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT PEPADUN DI KELURAHAN UJUNG GUNUNG KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG

NIA, MARISA (2026) ANALISIS HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP TRADISI KHITBAH DAN DENDA PINANGAN DALAM LAMARAN STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT PEPADUN DI KELURAHAN UJUNG GUNUNG KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG. Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya tradisi khitbah (lamaran) pada masyarakat adat Lampung Pepadun di Desa Ujung Gunung Kabupaten Tulang Bawang yang disertai dengan pemberlakuan denda adat (gettei rugei) apabila terjadi pembatalan pinangan. Tradisi tersebut bertujuan menjaga kehormatan kedua belah pihak serta memberikan tanggung jawab kepada pihak yang membatalkan khitbah. Namun, dalam perspektif hukum Islam, pembatalan khitbah tidak diatur dengan sanksi materiil sehingga menimbulkan perbedaan antara ketentuan adat dan hukum Islam. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) bagaimana praktik tradisi khitbah dan pembayaran denda materiil akibat pembatalan khitbah pada masyarakat Pepadun di Desa Ujung Gunung Kabupaten Tulang Bawang; dan (2) bagaimana implikasi pengembalian seserahan akibat pembatalan khitbah menurut hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik pelaksanaan tradisi khitbah beserta denda adat yang berlaku serta menganalisisnya berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Informan penelitian terdiri dari tokoh adat, tokoh masyarakat, serta pihak yang pernah mengalami pembatalan khitbah. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan menggunakan teknik triangulasi untuk menguji keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi khitbah pada masyarakat Pepadun dilaksanakan sebagai bentuk ikatan awal menuju pernikahan dengan pemberian seserahan sebagai simbol kesungguhan pihak laki-laki. Apabila terjadi pembatalan khitbah, pembatalan yang dipicu oleh berbagai faktor (udzur syar'i maupun non-syar'i). Pembatalan tersebut menimbulkan akibat hukum material, khususnya sengketa pengembalian hadiah lamaran pihak yang membatalkan dikenakan denda adat serta terdapat pengembalian seserahan sesuai kesepakatan para pihak. Dari perspektif hukum Islam, khitbah merupakan anjuran (sunnah) dan bukan akad yang mengikat, sehingga pembatalannya diperbolehkan apabila terdapat alasan yang dibenarkan. Islam tidak menetapkan sanksi materiil atas pembatalan khitbah, namun mengajarkan agar setiap janji dipenuhi serta menghindari tindakan yang menimbulkan kemudaratan. Tradisi pemberlakuan denda adat dapat diterima sebagai bentuk 'urf shahih selama bertujuan menjaga kemaslahatan, tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariat, serta dilaksanakan atas dasar keadilan dan kesepakatan bersama. ABSTRACT This research is motivated by the tradition of engagement (khitbah) among the Lampung Pepadun indigenous community in Ujung Gunung Village, Tulang Bawang Regency, which is accompanied by the imposition of a customary fine (gettei rugei) if the proposal is cancelled. This tradition aims to maintain the honor of both parties and assign responsibility to the party who cancels the engagement. However, from an Islamic legal perspective, the cancellation of an engagement is not regulated by material sanctions, creating a discrepancy between customary provisions and Islamic law. The research questions are: (1) how is the practice of the engagement tradition and the payment of material fines due to engagement cancellations handled by the Pepadun community in Ujung Gunung Village, Tulang Bawang Regency; and (2) what are the implications of returning the gifts due to engagement cancellations according to Islamic law. This study aims to determine the practice of the engagement tradition and the applicable customary fines and analyze them from an Islamic legal perspective. This research is field research with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The research informants consisted of traditional leaders, community leaders, and those who had experienced the cancellation of the engagement. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using triangulation techniques to test data validity. The results show that the engagement tradition in the Pepadun community is carried out as a form of initial commitment towards marriage, with the giving of gifts as a symbol of the groom's commitment. If the engagement is canceled, the cancellation is triggered by various factors (both Islamic and non-Islamic). This cancellation has material legal consequences, specifically disputes over the return of the engagement gift. The canceling party is subject to a customary fine and the return of the gifts as agreed upon by the parties. From an Islamic legal perspective, the engagement is a recommendation (sunnah) and not a binding contract, so its cancellation is permissible if there is a justifiable reason. Islam does not stipulate material sanctions for canceling the engagement, but teaches that every promise must be fulfilled and actions that cause harm must be avoided. The tradition of imposing customary fines is acceptable as a form of 'urf sahih (authentic custom) as long as it aims to safeguard the public interest, does not conflict with sharia principles, and is implemented based on justice and mutual agreement.

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