TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENGUPAHAN PEKERJA BUBUT AYAM POTONG (Studi Pada Pedagang Ayam Potong di Kelurahan Surabaya Kota Bandar Lampung)

MUHAMMAD HUSEN, DINO (2026) TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENGUPAHAN PEKERJA BUBUT AYAM POTONG (Studi Pada Pedagang Ayam Potong di Kelurahan Surabaya Kota Bandar Lampung). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Pada dasarnya manusia bekerja karena ada motivasi dalam diri seseorang. Motivasi tersebut mendorong manusia untuk bekerja agar mendapatkan penghasilan guna memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Selain itu upah biasa dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur prestasi kerja. Karena upah merupakan suatu dorongan untuk meningkatkan kinerja bagi seseorang. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena praktik pengupahan pekerja bubut ayam potong di Kelurahan Surabaya, Kota Bandar Lampung, yang dilakukan secara konvensional tanpa perjanjian tertulis. Permasalahan utama muncul karena besaran upah tidak disepakati secara jelas di awal akad (ujrah ma‟lum) dan pembayaran sering mengalami penundaan hingga pedagang selesai berjualan di pasar, yang berpotensi mengandung unsur ketidakpastian (gharar) dan ketidakadilan (zulm). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme praktik pengupahan tersebut serta meninjaunya berdasarkan perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, khususnya akad ijarah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan dua pedagang ayam potong dan dua pekerja bubut ayam potong, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur yang relevan dengan akad ijarah dan konsep ujrah dalam hukum Islam. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengupahan pekerja bubut ayam potong belum sepenuhnya memenuhi ketentuan akad ijarah dalam hukum ekonomi syariah, khususnya terkait kejelasan upah (ujrah ma‟lum) dan waktu pembayaran yang seharusnya disepakati di awal akad. Ketidakjelasan besaran upah dan penentuan sepihak oleh pemberi kerja berpotensi mengandung unsur gharar (ketidakpastian). Namun demikian, praktik tersebut tetap berjalan atas dasar kepercayaan dan kebiasaan yang telah berlangsung lama di masyarakat. Dengan demikian, diperlukan adanya kesepakatan yang lebih jelas dan transparan mengenai besaran serta waktu pembayaran upah agar sesuai dengan prinsip keadilan („adalah), kejelasan (bayyinah), dan menghindari unsur gharar dalam akad ijarah menurut Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Kata Kunci: Ijarah, Ujrah, Pengupahan, Bubut Ayam Potong. ABSTRACT Humans work fundamentally because of intrinsic motivation. This motivation drives people to work to earn income to meet their needs. Furthermore, wages are often used as a benchmark for work performance, as they serve as an incentive to improve performance. This research is motivated by the phenomenon of conventional wage payment practices for broiler chicken lathe workers in Surabaya Village, Bandar Lampung City, which are carried out conventionally without a written agreement. The main problem arises because the wage amount is not clearly agreed upon at the beginning of the contract (ujrah ma'lum) and payment is often delayed until the trader has finished selling at the market, potentially containing elements of uncertainty (gharar) and injustice (zulm). The purpose of this research is to analyze the mechanism of these wage practices and review them from the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, specifically the ijarah contract. This study is field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews with two chicken traders and two chicken lathe workers, while secondary data were obtained from literature relevant to the ijarah contract and the concept of ujrah in Islamic law. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the wage practices of chicken lathe workers do not fully comply with the provisions of the ijarah contract under Islamic economic law, particularly regarding the clarity of wages (ujrah ma'lum) and the payment time, which should be agreed upon at the outset of the contract. The ambiguity of wage amounts and unilateral determination by employers have the potential to contain elements of gharar (uncertainty). However, this practice persists based on long-standing beliefs and customs within society. Therefore, a clearer and more transparent agreement is needed regarding the amount and timing of wage payments to comply with the principles of justice ('adalah), clarity (bayyinah), and avoid gharar in ijarah contracts according to Sharia Economic Law. Keywords: Ijarah, Ujrah, Wages, Broiler Lathe.

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