Hartono, Bin Pangadi (2026) KARAKTERISTIK POLITIK NABI MUHAMMAD SAW DALAM KITAB TAFSIR FI ZHILALIL QUR’AN KARYA SAYYID QUTHB. Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menganalisis karakteristik politik Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagaimana diinterpretasikan oleh Sayyid Quthb dalam karya tafsirnya, Fi Zhilalil Qur’an. Latar belakang masalah menyoroti bahwa politik dalam Islam adalah dimensi kehidupan yang komprehensif, tidak terbatas pada kekuasaan, dan Nabi Muhammad SAW diutus sebagai teladan sempurna dalam segala aspek, termasuk politik. Pemimpin dalam Islam diposisikan sebagai "hamba" yang dipercaya mengurus urusan umat, bertanggung jawab terhadap urusan duniawi dan ukhrawi, serta wajib mendahulukan kepentingan rakyat di atas kepentingan pribadi. Politik Nabi Muhammad SAW dipandang sebagai pendekatan yang berbasis pada wahyu Allah, yang membentuk masyarakat adil, beradab, dan mengedepankan kesejahteraan umat, sehingga relevan untuk mengatasi problematika politik kekinian. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini merumuskan dua masalah pokok: 1) Bagaimana karakteristik politik Nabi Muhammad SAW dijelaskan dalam Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an karya Sayyid Quthb? 2) Bagaimana relevansi politik Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an dalam konteks kehidupan politik masa kini? Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis). Metode penafsiran yang digunakan adalah metode maudhu'i (tematik), yaitu membahas ayat-ayat Al-Qur‟an sesuai dengan tema yang ditetapkan. Sumber data utama adalah kitab Tafsir Fi Zhilalil Qur’an karya Sayyid Quthb melalui teknik pengumpulan data kepustakaan (library research). Analisis data dilakukan secara deduktif, dari teori umum menuju kesimpulan yang khusus. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik politik Nabi Muhammad menurut Sayyid Quthb yakni: keadilan dan kesetaraan, musyawarah (syura) dalam pengambilan keputusan, ketaatan rakyat, pembangunan negara Islam yang berdasarkan keadilan sosial, persatuan dan kewajiban untuk menjaga kerukunan umat, serta di dalamnya terdapat sifat wajib bagi Nabi yaitu (shidiq, amanah, tablig, fathonah). Sedangkan relevansi politik Nabi Muhammad SAW dengan politik masa kini berpusat pada penekanan nilai-nilai etika, moralitas, keadilan, tanggung jawab terhadap Tuhan dan rakyat, serta toleransi dalam beragama, visi strategis dan kecakapan diplomasi yang tinggi dan seorang pemimpin wajib mendahulukan kepentingan rakyat di atas kepentingan pribadi atau kelompok. Dalam politik modern hal seperti ini sering kali terlepas dari nilai-nilai tersebut. ABSTRACT This study examines and analyzes the characteristics of the political leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as interpreted by Sayyid Qutb in his Qur‟anic exegesis Fi Zhilalil Qur’an. The background of the study highlights that politics in Islam constitutes a comprehensive dimension of life, not limited to the pursuit of power, and that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was sent as a perfect exemplar in all aspects of life, including politics. In Islam, a leader is positioned as a “servant” entrusted with managing the affairs of the community, bearing responsibility for both worldly and hereafter matters, and obliged to prioritize public interest over personal interests. The political approach of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is viewed as being grounded in divine revelation, shaping a just and civilized society and emphasizing public welfare, thereby remaining relevant for addressing contemporary political challenges. Accordingly, this study formulates two main research questions: (1) How are the characteristics of the political leadership of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) explained in Sayyid Qutb‟s Fi Zhilalil Qur’an? (2) How is the relevance of the Prophet Muhammad‟s political leadership in Fi Zhilalil Qur’an reflected in the context of contemporary political life? This research employs a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The interpretive method used is the maudhu‘i (thematic) method, which discusses Qur‟anic verses according to predetermined themes. The primary data source is Sayyid Qutb‟s Fi Zhilalil Qur’an, collected through library research techniques. Data analysis is conducted deductively, moving from general theoretical concepts to specific conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that, according to Sayyid Qutb, the political characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) include justice and equality, consultation (shura) in decision-making, obedience of the people, the establishment of an Islamic state based on social justice, unity and the obligation to maintain social harmony, as well as the obligatory prophetic qualities of sidq (truthfulness), amanah (trustworthiness), tabligh (conveying the message), and fathanah (wisdom and intelligence). Meanwhile, the relevance of the Prophet Muhammad‟s political leadership to contemporary politics centers on the emphasis on ethical values, morality, justice, responsibility before God and the people, religious tolerance, strategic vision, and high diplomatic competence, as well as the obligation of leaders to prioritize public interest over personal or group interests. In modern politics, such values are often detached from political practice.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Ilmu Al-Quran dan Tafsir |
| Divisions: | Pasca Sarjana > S2 Ilmu Al-Quran dan Tafsir |
| Depositing User: | LAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN UINRIL REFERENSI |
| Date Deposited: | 12 May 2026 07:32 |
| Last Modified: | 12 May 2026 07:32 |
| URI: | https://repository.radenintan.ac.id/id/eprint/43817 |
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