ANALISIS PENGARUH CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI), GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP), DAN EXCHANGE RATE TERHADAP FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) DI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN (Analisa Data Panel Periode 2018 – 2024)

Mirza, BIN ALI (2026) ANALISIS PENGARUH CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI), GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP), DAN EXCHANGE RATE TERHADAP FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) DI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN (Analisa Data Panel Periode 2018 – 2024). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Fluktuasi aliran masuk FDI di kawasan ASEAN dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi makro dan stabilitas institusional. FDI memiliki peranan penting dalam mendorong pembangunan ekonomi melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja, alih teknologi, serta peningkatan daya saing ekonomi nasional. Namun demikian, tingkat korupsi, ukuran ekonomi, dan kestabilan nilai tukar menjadi faktor yang sering dipertimbangkan oleh investor asing sebelum menanamkan modalnya. Fenomena perbedaan skor Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), dan fluktuasi nilai tukar antarnegara berkembang ASEAN menjadi dasar untuk menelaah bagaimana ketiga faktor tersebut memengaruhi arus masuk FDI selama periode 2018– 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis data panel terhadap delapan negara berkembang ASEAN, yaitu Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, dan Kamboja. Data sekunder diperoleh dari World Bank dan Transparency International. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan model Random Effect Model (REM) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak EViews. Uji statistik yang digunakan meliputi uji Chow, uji Hausman, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi (R²), untuk mengetahui pengaruh parsial maupun simultan antarvariabel terhadap FDI di kawasan ASEAN. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Corruption Perception Index (CPI) berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), yang berarti tingkat persepsi korupsi belum menjadi faktor dominan dalam menarik investor asing ke negara-negara berkembang ASEAN. Variabel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap FDI, menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar perekonomian suatu negara, semakin tinggi minat investor untuk menanamkan modalnya. Sedangkan variabel Exchange Rate (nilai tukar) berpengaruh positif tidak signifikan terhadap FDI, karena FDI merupakan investasi jangka panjang, sehingga keputusan investor asing tidak terlalu dipengaruhi oleh fluktuasi nilai tukar jangka pendek. ABSTRACT Fluctuating inflows of FDI across ASEAN countries, which are influenced by macroeconomic conditions and institutional stability. FDI plays a vital role in promoting economic growth through job creation, technology transfer, and enhanced competitiveness. However, the levels of corruption, economic size, and exchange rate stability remain key considerations for foreign investors. Differences in Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and exchange rate fluctuations among developing ASEAN countries form the basis for analyzing their effects on FDI during the 2018–2024 period. This research employs a quantitative approach with panel data analysis covering eight developing ASEAN countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia. Secondary data were obtained from the World Bank and Transparency International. The Random Effect Model (REM) was used with the aid of EViews software. Statistical tests employed include the Chow test, Hausman test, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination (R²) to assess both partial and simultaneous effects among variables on FDI in the ASEAN region. The results of the study show that the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) variable has a negative effect on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which means that the level of corruption perception has not yet become a dominant factor in attracting foreign investors to ASEAN developing countries. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) variable has a positive and significant effect on FDI, showing that the larger a country's economy, the higher the interest of investors to invest their capital. Meanwhile, the Exchange Rate variable has a negative effect on FDI, because FDI is a long-term investment, so foreign investors' decisions are not too influenced by short-term exchange rate fluctuations.

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