FATHERLESS TERHADAP TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM (Studi di Kecamatan Selagai Lingga Kabupaten Lampung Tengah)

TOMY, ERWANSYAH (2025) FATHERLESS TERHADAP TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM (Studi di Kecamatan Selagai Lingga Kabupaten Lampung Tengah). Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Fatherless merupakan ketiadaan peran ayah dalam pengasuhan anak baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Fatherless terjadi karena kematian, perceraian, dan pengabaian. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya, serta isu emosional personal. Fatherless atau ketidakhadiran peran ayah sering dibahas dalam aspek psikologis, namun dalam penelitian ini membahas dampak fatherless terhadap tumbuh kembang anak di Kecamatan Selagai Lingga Kabupaten Lampung Tengah masih banyak anak yang tumbuh tanpa figur seorang ayah atau fatherless. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitiaan ini, 1) Bagaimana analisis dampak fatherless terhadap tumbuh kembang anak di Kecamatan Selagai Lingga Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Keluarga Islam 2) Bagaimana analisis Maqashid Syariah terhadap dampak fatherless dan tumbuh kembang anak di Kecamatan Selagai Lingga Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode deskritif empiris yaitu peneliti terjun langsung kelapangan untuk mengamati, mewawancarai atau mengumpulkan data dari sumber yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dampak fatherless dalam Hukum Positif terhadap perkembangan anak yaitu anak yang tidak memiliki peran ayah dalam masa perkembangan anak kurang mendapatkan kasih sayang dan perhatian, anak yang tidak memiliki ayah dapat mengalami kekurangan perlindungan dan pengasuhan serta anak yang lahir diluar perkawinan dapat mengalami kekurangan pengakuan dan perlindungan. Dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam dampak fatherless menyebabkan anak kehilangan hak nafkah, kekosongan pendidikan agama dan moral, anak juga akan krisis identitas yaitu kehilangan nasab. Dalam pandangan Maqashid Syariah tanggung jawab ayah yang hilang harus diambil alih oleh kolektif sosial yaitu ibu dan keluarga. Keberadaan ayah sangat penting bagi kelangsungan agama, jiwa, akal anak. Kata Kunci : Fatherless, Hukum Positif, Hukum Keluarga Islam. v ABSTRACT Fatherless refers to the absence of a father’s role in raising children physically and psychologically. Fatherless situations can occur due to death, divorce, or neglect. Economic, social, cultural factors, and personal emotional issues may cause this condition. Fatherlessness, or the lack of a father figure, is often discussed from a psychological perspective. Still, this research focuses on the impact of fatherlessness on children’s growth and development in Selagai Lingga District, Central Lampung Regency, where many children grow up without the presence of a father. The problems in this study are: 1) How is the analysis of the impact of fatherlessness on children’s growth and development in Selagai Lingga District, Central Lampung Regency, from the perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Family Law? 2) How is the Maqashid Shariah analysis of the impact of fatherlessness on children’s growth and development in Selagai Lingga District, Central Lampung Regency? This study is field research using a descriptive-empirical method in. The researcher went directly to the field to observe, conduct interviews, or collect data from relevant sources. The results show that the impact of fatherlessness in Positive Law on children’s development includes lack of love and attention for children who grow up without a father, lack of protection and care, and, for children born outside of marriage, lack of recognition and legal protection. In Islamic Family Law, the impact of fatherlessness causes children to lose the right to financial support, experience a gap in religious and moral education, and face an identity crisis by losing their lineage. From the perspective of Maqashid Shariah, the responsibilities of a missing father must be taken over by the social collective, especially the mother and extended family. The presence of a father is vital for preserving a child's religion, soul, and mind. Keywords: Fatherless, Positive Law, Islamic Family Law. v vi ٌ صَّخَل ُ م ِوَأ ِ ةَّي ِ د َ سَ لجا ِ ة َ ي ِ حاَّنلا َ نِ م ً ءا َ و َ س ِ لاَ فْطَلأا ِ ة َ يِ ب ْ رَ ت ِفِ ِبَلأا ِر ْ وَ د َ با َ ي ِ غ ِنِْ عَ ت ُ ة َ ب ِ ئا َ غلا ُ ةَّ و ُ بُلأا ِ لَذ َنوُك َ ي ْنَأ ُ نِكُْ يُ . ِ لا َْ هِْلإا َ و ، ِ قَلََّطلا ، ِ ةاَ ف َ ولا ِبَ ب َ سِ ب ُثُ دَْيَ ِبَلأا َلَِ إ ُ راَ ق ِ تْ ف ِ لاا . ِ ةَّ ي ِ سْ فَّ نلا ْ نَ ع ا ً ِ تَِ نَ َك ِ غ . ِ ةَّ ي ِصْخَّشلا ِ ةَّ ي ِ ف ِ طا َ علا َ يَا َضَ قلا َلَِ إ ِ ةَ فا َضِلإِ بِ ، ٍ ةَّ ي ِ فاَ قَ ث َ و ٍ ةَّ ي ِ عا َ مِ ت ْ جا َ و ٍ ةَّي ِ دا َصِ تْ ق ِ ا َ لِ ما َ وَ ع ُ مَ دَ ع ْ وَأ ِبَلأا ُ با َ ي َل َ و ، ِ ةَّ ي ِ سْ فَّ نلا ِ ة َ ي ِ حاَّنلا َ نِ م ُ هُ ت َشَ قا َ ن ُ م ُّ مَ ت ُ ي ا َ م ا ً ب ِ لاَغ ِبَلأا ِر ْ وَ د ِ دو ُ ج ُ و ِيرِ ثْ َ تَ ُ ةَشَ قا َ ن ُ م ُّ مَ ت ُ ي ِثْ حَ بلا اَذَ ه ِفِ ْ نِك ُ ولا غْ نو ُ ب ْ مَلا ِ ة َ عَطاَ ق ُ م ِفِ ا َ غْ ني ِ ل يِ جَلَِ س ِ ةَ ق ِ طْ ن َ م ِفِ ِ لاَ فْطَلأا ِ وُُنُ ىَل َ ع ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ ُ لا َ ز َ ي َلا ُثْ ي َ ح ،ىَط ْ س ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ ْ وَأ ِبَلأا ِ ةَّ ي ِصْخَش ِ نوُ دِ ب َنوُأ َشْ ن َ ي َ ني ِ ذَّ لا ِ لاَ فْطَلأا َ نِ م ُ يرِ ثَكلا َ كا َ ن ُ ه . ِفِ ِ ةَل ِكْش ُ لما ُ ةَغا َ ي ِص َ يِ ه ِثْ حَ بلا اَذَ ه : ١ ( يِ غ ْ ي َلَِ س ِ ةَ ق ِ طْ ن َ م ِفِ ِ لاَ فْطَلأا ِرُّ وَطَ ت َ و ِ وُُنُ ىَل َ ع ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ ِيرِ ثْ َ تَ ُ لي ِ ل ْ َتَ ُّ مَ ت ُ ي َفْ يَك ُ ولا غْ نو ُ ب ْ م َلا ِ ة َ عَطاَ ق ُ م ،ا َ غْ ني ِ ل ُظْ ن َ م ْ نِ م ىَط ْ س ؟ِ يِ م َلَْ سِلإا ِ ة َ ر ْ سُلأا ِ نوُ ناَ ق َ و ِ ِبا َ ْيِْلإا ِ نوُ ناَ قلا ِرو ٢ ( ُّ مَ ت ُ ي َفْ يَك ْ ني ِ ل يِ غ ْ ي َلَِ س ِ ةَ ق ِ طْ ن َ م ِفِ ِ لاَ فْطَلأا ِرُّ وَطَ ت َ و ِ وُُنُ َ و ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ ِيرِ ثْأ َ ت ِ ل ِ ة َ عيِرَّشلا ِ دِصاَ ق َ م ُ لي ِ ل ْ َتَ ِ ة َ عَطاَ ق ُ م ،ا َ غ ُ ولا غْ نو ُ ب ْ م َلا ؟ىَط ْ س ُثِ حا َ بلا ُ لِزْ ن َ ي ُثْ ي َ ح ،ِ ِبيِر ْ جَّتلا ِ يِ ف ْص َ ولا ِجَ هْ ن َ لما ِ ما َ دْخِ ت ْ سِ بِ ٌّ ِنِا َ د ْ ي َ م ٌثَْبَ َ و ُ ه ُثْ حَ بلا اَذَ ه ِثْ حَ بلِ بِ ِ ةَ ق ِ ل َ عَ ت ُ لما ِر ِ دا َص َ لما َ نِ م ِ تَ نَا َ ي َ بلا ِعَْ جَ ْ وَأ ٍ ةَل َ باَ ق ُ م ، ٍ ة َ بَ قا َ ر ُ م ِ ل ِ نا َ د ْ ي َ لما َلَِ إ ً ة َ رَشا َ ب ُ م . َّنِ إ ُثْ ي َ ح ،ِلْ ف ِ طلا ِرُّ وَطَ ت ىَل َ ع ِ ِبا َ ْيِْلإا ِ نوُ ناَ قلا ِفِ ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ َ يرِ ثْ َ تَ ِثْ حَ بلا ُ جِ ئا َ تَ ن ْتَ ر َ هْظَأ ا َ مِ ت ْ هِ لاا َ و ِ بُ لحا َ نِ م َّلَ قَأ ٍرْ دَ ق ىَل َ ع ُ لُصَْيَ ِ هِ وُُنُ ِ ة َْتَْ ف ِفِ ا ً ر ْ وَ د ُ بَلأا ُ بَ عْل َ ي َلا يِ ذَّ لا َ لْ ف ِ طلا ُ لْ ف ِ طلا َ و ،ِ م يِ ذَّ لا َ لْ ف ِ طلا َّنَأ ا َ مَك ، ِ ة َ يا َ عِ رلا َ و ِ ة َ يا َ مِلحا ِفِ ٍصْ قَ ن ْ نِ م َ ِنِا َ ع ُ ي ْنَأ ُ نِكُْ يُ ً بَِأ ُكِ ل َْ يُ َلا يِ ذَّ لا َ جِرا َ خ ُ دَلو ُ ي ُلأا ِ نوُ ناَ ق ِفِ . ِ ة َ يا َ مِلحا َ و ِفا َ ِتْْ عِ لاا ِفِ ٍصْ قَ ن ْ نِ م َ ِنِا َ ع ُ ي ْنَأ ُ نِكُْ يُ ِجا َ وَّزلا ِراَطِ إ يِ د َ ؤ ُ ي ،ِ يِ م َلَْ سِلإا ِ ة َ ر ْ س َلأا َ و ِ ِنِي ِ دلا ِ مي ِ ل ْ عَّ تلا ِفِ ٍغا َ رَ ف ِ دو ُ ج ُ و َ و ، ِ ةَ قَ فَّ نلا ِ ق َ ِ لح ِلْ ف ِ طلا ِ نا َ دْ قُ ف َلَِ إ ِبَلأا ِبا َ ي ِ غ ُ يرِ ثْ َ تَ ا َ مَك ،ِ يِ ق َلَْ خ ِبَ سَّنلا ُنا َ دْ قُ ف َ يِ ه َ و ، ٍ ةَّيِو ُ ه ِ ة َ مْ زَأ ْ نِ م ُ لْ ف ِ طلا ِنِا َ ع ُ ي َ س . َ لَّم َ حَ تُ ت ْنَأ ُ بِ َيْ ، ِ ة َ عيِرَّشلا ِ دِصاَ ق َ م ِروُظْ ن َ م ِفِ ِبَلأا ُ دو ُ ج ُ و .ِ ة َ ر ْ سُلأا َ و ِ مُلأا ْ يَأ ، ِ ةَّ ي ِ عا َ مِ ت ْ جِ لاا ِ ة َ عا َ م َ لجا ِل َ ب ِ ق ْ نِ م ِبَلأِ ل ُ ة َ دوُ قْ ف َ لما ُ ةَّ ي ِ لوُ ؤ ْ س َ لما اًّد ِ ج ٌّ مِ ه ُ م ْ ف ِ طلا ىَ دَل ِلْ ق َ علا َ و ،ِحوُّ رلا َ و ،ِني ِ دلا ِرا َ ر ْ مِ ت ْ سِ لا ِل. ٌُةَّي ِ سي ِ ئَّ رلاٌُتا َ مِ لَكلا ، َ ء َ بِآ لَِ ب ُ ءا َ ن ْ بَلأا : َ و ،ُّ ِبا َ ْيِْلإا ُنوُ ناَ قلا َ و ِ يِ م َل

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