RASIONALITAS PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT OGAN DIDESA SUKARAJA: STUDI KRITIK POSMODERN TERHADAP KLAIM RASIONALITAS TUNGGAL MODERN

YOVY, ANSYA (2026) RASIONALITAS PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT OGAN DIDESA SUKARAJA: STUDI KRITIK POSMODERN TERHADAP KLAIM RASIONALITAS TUNGGAL MODERN. Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas konstruksi rasionalitas dalam praktik pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Ogan di Desa Sukaraja serta kritik terhadap klaim rasionalitas tunggal medis modern melalui perspektif posmodernisme. Pengobatan tradisional dalam masyarakat Ogan tidak hanya dipahami sebagai praktik penyembuhan, tetapi juga sebagai bagian dari sistem pengetahuan lokal yang terbentuk melalui pengalaman empiris, pewarisan budaya, spiritualitas, dan legitimasi sosial masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis konstruksi rasionalitas dalam praktik pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Ogan, memahami bagaimana rasionalitas modern membingkai praktik tersebut, serta menjelaskan bagaimana kritik posmodern mendekonstruksi dan mereposisi relasi antara pengobatan tradisional dan medis modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dan analisis kritis posmodern. Sumber data diperoleh dari tabib tradisional, masyarakat, dan pihak terkait di Desa Sukaraja. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan secara interpretatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) konstruksi rasionalitas dalam praktik pengobatan tradisional masyarakat Ogan terbentuk melalui perpaduan pengalaman empiris, pewarisan budaya secara turun-temurun, spiritualitas, serta legitimasi sosial masyarakat yang diwujudkan melalui penggunaan ramuan herbal, doa, dan metode penyembuhan tradisional; (2) rasionalitas medis modern membingkai pengobatan tradisional berdasarkan standar objektivitas, universalisme, dan legitimasi ilmiah formal, namun memiliki keterbatasan dalam menjelaskan pengalaman sakit yang mencakup aspek biologis, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual; serta (3) perspektif posmodern menunjukkan bahwa pengobatan tradisional dan medis modern tidak berada dalam hubungan yang sepenuhnya bertentangan, melainkan bersifat negosiatifvii dan komplementer, sehingga menegaskan adanya pluralitas rasionalitas dalam praktik kesehatan masyarakat Ogan.ABSTRACT This study examines the construction of rationality in the traditional healing practices of the Ogan community in Sukaraja Village, as well as critiques of modern medicine’s claim to sole rationality through a postmodernist perspective. Traditional healing in the Ogan community is understood not only as a healing practice but also as part of a local knowledge system shaped by empirical experience, cultural inheritance, spirituality, and the community’s social legitimacy. The objective of this study is to analyze the construction of rationality in the traditional healing practices of the Ogan community, to understand how modern rationality frames these practices, and to explain how postmodern criticism deconstructs and reposition the relationship between traditional healing and modern medicine. This study employs a qualitative research method using a phenomenological approach and postmodern critical analysis. Data sources were obtained from traditional healers, community members, and relevant parties in Sukaraja Village. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis involved the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and interpretive conclusion-drawing. The research findings indicate that: (1) the construction of rationality in the traditional healing practices of the Ogan community is formed through a combination of empirical experience, cultural transmission from generation to generation, spirituality, and social legitimacy, which is manifested through the use of herbal remedies, prayers, and traditional healing methods; (2) modern medical rationality frames traditional medicine based on standards of objectivity, universalism, and formal scientific legitimacy, yet has limitations in explaining the experience of illness, which encompasses biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects; and (3) the postmodern perspective suggests that traditional medicine and modern medicine are not in a completely contradictory relationship,ix but rather one of negotiation and complementarity, thereby affirming the plurality of rationalities in the Ogan community’s health practices.

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