FENOMENA FATHERLESS DALAM MASYARAKAT MODERN: STUDI COUNTER ATTACK PENAFSIRAN ASY-SYA'RAWI DAN TEORI ATTACHMENT JOHN BOWLBY

NAILUL, IZZA NAFISAH (2026) FENOMENA FATHERLESS DALAM MASYARAKAT MODERN: STUDI COUNTER ATTACK PENAFSIRAN ASY-SYA'RAWI DAN TEORI ATTACHMENT JOHN BOWLBY. Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Fenomena fatherless pada masyarakat modern tidak hanya ditandai oleh ketidakhadiran ayah secara fisik, tetapi juga oleh absennya peran ayah secara emosional, psikologis, dan spiritual dalam pengasuhan serta pendidikan anak. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada perkembangan karakter, identitas, dan kesehatan mental anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penafsiran Syekh Muhammad Mutawalli Asy-Sya’rawi terhadap ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an tentang peran ayah sebagai counter attack terhadap fenomena fatherless, menjelaskan fenomena tersebut melalui Attachment Theory John Bowlby, serta mengkaji relevansi konsep qawwāmah dalam memahami dan mengatasi fenomena fatherless. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi tafsir maudhū‟ī (tematik), sosio-historis, dan psikologis-kualitatif. Sumber data primer penelitian ini adalah Tafsīr al-Sya’rāwī karya Syekh Muhammad Mutawalli Asy-Sya’rawi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran Asy-Sya’rawi menghadirkan konsep peran ayah yang komprehensif sebagai pendidik akidah, penjaga iman, penanam nilai moral, pembimbing ibadah, pelindung, dan teladan dalam keluarga. Konsep tersebut menjadi counter attack terhadap fenomena fatherless dengan menegaskan bahwa kehadiran ayah ditentukan oleh keterlibatan aktif dalam pengasuhan, bukan sematamata keberadaan biologisnya. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Attachment Theory John Bowlby memperkuat temuan tersebut melalui konsep secure attachment, yang menjelaskan pentingnya keterlibatan ayah bagi perkembangan emosional, sosial, moral, dan kesehatan mental anak. Selain itu, reinterpretasi konsep qawwāmah dalam penafsiran AsySya’rawi sebagai amanah kepemimpinan yang berlandaskan tanggung jawab, perlindungan, pembinaan, dan kehadiran emosional memberikan kerangka normatif yang relevan dalam memahami sekaligus mengatasi fenomena fatherless. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menawarkan perspektif integratif antara penafsiran Al-Qur’an dan psikologi modern sebagai counter attack konseptual dalam merespons fenomena fatherless pada masyarakat kontemporer ABSTRACT The phenomenon of fatherless in modern society is not merely characterized by the physical absence of a father, but also by the absence of his emotional, psychological, and spiritual role in child-rearing and education. This condition significantly impacts the development of a child's character, identity, and mental health. This study aims to analyze Sheikh Muhammad Mutawalli Asy-Sya'rawi's interpretation of Qur'anic verses concerning the role of the father as a counter attack against the fatherless phenomenon, to explain this phenomenon through John Bowlby's Attachment Theory, and to examine the relevance of the concept of qawwāmah in understanding and addressing the fatherless phenomenon. This research employs a qualitative approach with descriptiveanalytical methods. The approaches utilized include thematic Qur'anic exegesis (tafsīr maudhū'ī), socio-historical, and qualitative-psychological frameworks. The primary data source of this study is Tafsīr al-Sya'rāwī by Sheikh Muhammad Mutawalli Asy-Sya'rawi. The findings demonstrate that Asy-Sya'rawi's interpretation presents a comprehensive concept of the father's role as an educator of aqīdah, a guardian of intergenerational faith, an instiller of moral values, a guide in worship, a social protector, and a role model within the family. This concept serves as a counter attack against the fatherless phenomenon by affirming that a father's presence is determined by his active involvement in child-rearing, not merely his biological existence. The study further reveals that John Bowlby's Attachment Theory reinforces these findings through the concept of secure attachment, which underscores the importance of a father's involvement in a child's emotional, social, moral, and mental health development. Furthermore, the reinterpretation of qawwāmah in Asy-Sya'rawi's exegesis as a leadership trust grounded in responsibility, protection, guidance, and emotional presence provides a relevant normative framework for both understanding and addressing the fatherless phenomenon. Thus, this study offers an integrative perspective between Qur'anic interpretation and modern psychology as a conceptual counter attack in responding to the fatherless phenomenon in contemporary society.

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