STIMULASI MEDAN MAGNET UNTUK PRODUKSI METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

FEBRIAN, AFRIDA (2026) STIMULASI MEDAN MAGNET UNTUK PRODUKSI METABOLIT SEKUNDER PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) menghasilkan berbagai metabolit sekunder, seperti alkaloid, fenol, dan flavonoid yang berperan dalam mekanisme pertahanan dan fisiologi tanaman. Produksi metabolit sekunder diketahui dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor eksternal, salah satunya stimulasi medan magnet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi produksi metabolit sekunder pada tanaman kedelai yang berasal dari benih yang diberi stimulasi medan magnet dengan intensitas berbeda, mengidentifikasi metabolit sekunder yang terdeteksi, serta mendeskripsikan variasi kandungan metabolit sekunder pada setiap perlakuan. Penelitian menggunakan empat perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (P0), medan magnet 1,8 mT (P1), 2,2 mT (P2), dan 2,6 mT (P3). Analisis dilakukan melalui pengukuran rendemen ekstrak, skrining fitokimia, penetapan kadar total alkaloid menggunakan metode Bromocresol Green (BCG), kadar total flavonoid menggunakan metode aluminium klorida (AlCl₃), dan kadar total fenol menggunakan metode Folin–Ciocalteu. Seluruh pengukuran kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan memberikan hasil positif terhadap alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, dan saponin. Rendemen ekstrak tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 (1,8 mT) sebesar 9,03%, sedangkan rendemen terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 (2,2 mT) sebesar 4,99%. Kadar total alkaloid tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan P1 sebesar 7,23 mg CE/g. Kadar total flavonoid dan fenol tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan P2, masing-masing sebesar 0,61 mg QE/g dan 420,9 mg GAE/g. Secara deskriptif, nilai metabolit sekunder yang diperoleh menunjukkan variasi antarperlakuan, dengan pola respons yang berbeda pada setiap golongan senyawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa stimulasi medan magnet berpotensi berkaitan dengan perbedaan kandungan metabolit sekunder pada tanaman kedelai. Namun, penelitian lanjutan dengan ulangan biologis dan analisis statistik masih diperlukan untuk memperoleh interpretasi yang lebih kuat. Kata kunci: Alkaloid, Fenol, Flavonoid, Medan Magnet, Kedelai. ABSTRAC Soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) produce various secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids, which play a role in plant defense mechanisms and physiology. The production of secondary metabolites is known to be influenced by various external factors, one of which is magnetic field stimulation. This study aimed to explore the production of secondary metabolites in soybean plants derived from seeds exposed to magnetic fields of varying intensities, identify the detected secondary metabolites, and describe the variations in secondary metabolite content across each treatment. The study used four treatments: control (P0), 1.8 mT magnetic field (P1), 2.2 mT (P2), and 2.6 mT (P3). Analyses were conducted by measuring extract yield, performing phytochemical screening, and determining total alkaloid content using the Bromocresol Green (BCG) method, total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) method, and total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. All quantitative measurements were performed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed that all treatments had a positive effect on alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. The highest extract yield was obtained in treatment P1 (1.8 mT) at 9.03%, while the lowest yield was obtained in treatment P2 (2.2 mT) at 4.99%. The highest total alkaloid content was found in treatment P1 at 7.23 mg CE/g. The highest total flavonoid and phenolic content were found in treatment P2, at 0.61 mg QE/g and 420.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. Descriptively, the secondary metabolite values obtained showed variation among treatments, with different response patterns for each compound group. The results of this study suggest that magnetic field stimulation may be associated with differences in the content of secondary metabolites in soybean plants. However, further research involving biological replicates and statistical analysis is still needed to obtain a more robust interpretation. Keywords: Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Magnetic Field, Soybean.

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