PRAKTIK PENGUPAHAN KULTIVASI SAWAH: TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi di Desa Sinar Mulya Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan)

A. Bintang, Fareza (2026) PRAKTIK PENGUPAHAN KULTIVASI SAWAH: TINJAUAN HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi di Desa Sinar Mulya Kecamatan Natar Kabupaten Lampung Selatan). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Sistem kultivasi sawah di desa ini masih bersifat turuntemurun tanpa dokumentasi formal dan minim pemahaman ekonomi Islam. Praktik ini mencerminkan nilai kekeluargaan dan kepercayaan tinggi, namun berpotensi menimbulkan masalah hukum dan ketimpangan sosial jika tidak sesuai prinsip akad syariah. Penelitian ini merujuk pada konsep akad ijarah dan muzara’ah dalam fikih muamalah, yang menekankan prinsip an-tarāḍin (kerelaan), keadilan, keterbukaan, dan larangan gharar. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Praktik Kultivasi Dalam Pengelolaan Antara Pemilik dengan Penggarap sawah dan meninjau Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Tentang Praktik Kultivasi Dalam Pengelolaan sawah di Desa Sinar Mulya, Kec. Natar, Kab. Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodelogi deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 16 orang Desa Sinar Mulya. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pengupahan bersifat beragam dan fleksibel, meliputi empat model utama: harian, borongan, bagi hasil, dan kombinasi uang tunai dengan gabah. Kesepakatan kerja dilakukan secara lisan berdasarkan kepercayaan dan norma sosial tanpa kontrak tertulis. Waktu serta cara pembayaran upah bersifat adaptif, disesuaikan dengan kesepakatan dan kondisi ekonomi kedua pihak. Kendala yang muncul antara lain keterlambatan dan pengurangan upah sepihak, terutama saat panen gagal. Hubungan kerja tetap terjaga karena kuatnya modal sosial dan nilai kekeluargaan di masyarakat. Dari tinjauan hukum ekonomi syariah, praktik ini umumnya telah memenuhi prinsip kerelaan (ridha), keadilan, dan amanah sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam QS. An-Nisa’ ayat 29. Namun demikian, masih ditemukan potensi gharar akibat ketidakjelasan nominal atau waktu pembayaran, serta unsur zalim ketika terjadi pemotongan upah secara sepihak. Secara keseluruhan, sistem pengupahan di Desa Sinar Mulya mendekati prinsip muamalah syariah, tetapi memerlukan peningkatan dalam transparansi, kejelasan akad, dan perlindungan hak buruh agar selaras sepenuhnya dengan nilai keadilan Islam. ABSTRACT The rice field cultivation system in this village is still hereditary without formal documentation and with minimal understanding of Islamic economics. This practice reflects strong family values and high levels of trust, but it also has the potential to cause legal problems and social inequality if it does not align with the principles of sharia contracts. This study refers to the concepts of ijarah and muzara’ah contracts in fiqh muamalah, which emphasize the principles of an-tarāḍin (mutual consent), justice, transparency, and the prohibition of gharar. This research aims to identify the cultivation practices in the management between landowners and cultivators, and to review Islamic economic law regarding cultivation practices in rice field management in Sinar Mulya Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample consisted of 16 residents of Sinar Mulya Village. The data obtained were analyzed using the interactive data analysis technique by Miles & Huberman. The results of the study indicate that the wage system is varied and flexible, consisting of four main models: daily wages, contractbased wages, profit-sharing, and a combination of cash payments with paddy. Work agreements are made orally based on trust and social norms without written contracts. The timing and method of wage payment are adaptive, adjusted according to mutual agreement and the economic conditions of both parties. Challenges that arise include delays in payment and unilateral wage deductions, especially in cases of crop failure. Nevertheless, working relationships remain stable due to the strong social capital and family values within the community. From the perspective of Islamic economic law, these practices generally fulfill the principles of mutual consent (ridha), justice, and trustworthiness (amanah) as emphasized in QS An-Nisa’ verse 29. However, there is still potential for gharar due to unclear wage amounts or payment schedules, as well as elements of injustice when unilateral wage reductions occur. Overall, the wage system in Sinar Mulya Village aligns closely with the principles of sharia muamalah, but improvements are needed in transparency, contract clarity, and worker rights protection to fully comply with Islamic justice values.

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