STRATEGI PENDAMPING SOSIAL DALAM MENDORONG GRADUASI MANDIRI KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT (Studi Pada Program Keluarga Harapan Di Kelurahan Sukajawa Baru Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Barat Kota Bandar Lampung)

ELI, SUSANTI (2026) STRATEGI PENDAMPING SOSIAL DALAM MENDORONG GRADUASI MANDIRI KELUARGA PENERIMA MANFAAT (Studi Pada Program Keluarga Harapan Di Kelurahan Sukajawa Baru Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Barat Kota Bandar Lampung). Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan melalui bantuan sosial bersyarat yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada perlindungan sosial, tetapi juga pemberdayaan menuju kemandirian. Namun demikian, capaian graduasi mandiri Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) masih relatif rendah, yang menunjukkan bahwa bantuan sosial belum sepenuhnya mampu mendorong kemandirian penerima manfaat. Fenomena ini mengindikasikan masih adanya ketergantungan KPM terhadap bantuan, serta perlunya penguatan strategi pendampingan sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pendamping sosial dalam mendorong graduasi mandiri, mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta mengkaji upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi hambatan tersebut di Kelurahan Sukajawa Baru, Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Barat, Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Grounded Theory. Informan penelitian meliputi Ketua Tim PKH, pendamping sosial, serta KPM graduasi dan non-graduasi yang dipilih secara purposive. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan open coding, axial coding, dan selective coding untuk menemukan kategori inti yang menjelaskan strategi pendampingan dalam mendorong kemandirian KPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pendamping sosial dalam mendorong graduasi mandiri dilakukan melalui pendekatan terintegrasi, meliputi pendekatan struktural, edukatif melalui kegiatan Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga (P2K2), pendekatan relasional melalui kunjungan rumah (home visit), serta pendekatan adaptif berdasarkan kondisi KPM, termasuk penguatan ekonomi produktif melalui fasilitasi akses program pemberdayaan seperti PPSE. Keberhasilan graduasi mandiri dipengaruhi oleh faktor pendukung berupa kesadaran, motivasi, dan perubahan pola pikir KPM, serta dukungan pendamping dan akses program pemberdayaan. Sementara itu, faktor penghambat meliputi mindset ketergantungan, rendahnya pendidikan dan keterampilan, serta keterbatasan struktural dalam pendampingan. Dalam menghadapi hambatan tersebut, pendamping melakukan upaya adaptif melalui penguatan motivasi, peningkatan kapasitas, serta optimalisasi strategi pendampingan. Temuan utama penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa transformasi mindset KPM merupakan kategori inti (core category) yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan graduasi mandiri, sehingga graduasi mandiri tidak hanya dimaknai sebagai capaian ekonomi, tetapi sebagai proses transformasi sosial menuju kemandirian yang berkelanjutan. ABSTRACT The Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan/PKH) is one of the government's efforts to alleviate poverty through conditional social assistance. This program is not only focused on social protection but also aims to empower beneficiaries to achieve self-reliance. However, the achievement of independent graduation among Beneficiary Families (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat/KPM) remains relatively low. This indicates that the assistance provided has not yet fully succeeded in encouraging the independence of the beneficiaries. This phenomenon implies the continued dependency of KPM on aid, highlighting the need to strengthen social assistance strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze social assistance strategies in promoting self-reliance, identify supporting and hindering factors, and explore efforts made to overcome these obstacles in Sukajawa Baru Village, Tanjung Karang Barat District, Bandar Lampung City. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory method. Research informants include the PKH Team Leader, social workers, as well as graduated and non-graduated KPM selected purposively. Data collection techniques involve in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding to identify the core category explaining the assistance strategies in fostering KPM independence. The research findings indicate that social assistance strategies to promote independent graduation are implemented through an integrated approach, encompassing structural approaches, educational activities through Family Development Sessions (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga/P2K2), relational approaches through home visits, and adaptive approaches tailored to the KPM's conditions, including strengthening productive economic activities through access to empowerment programs such as PPSE. Successful independent graduation is influenced by supporting factors, namely awareness, motivation, and changes in the KPM's mindset, as well as support from assistants and access to empowerment programs. Conversely, hindering factors include a dependency mindset, low levels of education and skills, and structural limitations in assistance. To address these challenges, social workers adopt adaptive efforts by enhancing motivation, improving capacity, and optimizing assistance strategies. The main finding of this study reveals that the transformation of the KPM's mindset serves as the core category that significantly determines the success of independent graduation. Consequently, independent graduation is not merely recognized as an economic achievement but represents a process of social transformation toward sustainable self-reliance.

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