TINJAUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM TERHADAP DAMPAK KEKERASAN EKONOMI DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (Studi Di Desa Jati Datar Mataram, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah)

ADAM, DEWANTARA PUTRA (2026) TINJAUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM TERHADAP DAMPAK KEKERASAN EKONOMI DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (Studi Di Desa Jati Datar Mataram, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah). Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Perkawinan dalam Islam merupakan institusi sakral yang bertujuan mewujudkan ketenteraman, keharmonisan, dan kemaslahatan hidup berkeluarga. Namun, idealitas ini tidak selalu terwujud, salah satunya akibat munculnya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT), khususnya kekerasan ekonomi. Data Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak pada tahun 2024 terdapat 80% perempuan yang mengalami tindak kekerasan dan sekitar 60% tindak kekerasanya dilakukan dalam rumah tangga. Kekerasan ekonomi terjadi ketika suami membatasi akses finansial istri, menelantarkan nafkah, menguasai pendapatan, atau mengeksploitasi ekonomi istri. Fenomena ini turut ditemukan di Desa Jati Datar Mataram, Lampung Tengah, yang ditunjukkan melalui tingginya kasus istri tidak memperoleh nafkah layak, pelarangan bekerja, serta pengambilalihan pendapatan istri. Dampak yang muncul tidak hanya berupa ketidakstabilan ekonomi, tetapi juga guncangan psikologis berupa kecemasan, depresi, hilangnya kemandirian, dan rendahnya kesejahteraan psikologis istri. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana bentuk-bentuk praktik kekerasan ekonomi, dampaknya terhadap psikologi istri dan tinjauan Hukum Keluarga Islam terhadap fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan sifat deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan para korban yang terdampak kekerasan ekonomi serta perangkat desa sebagai informan pendukung. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan yang mencakup literatur fikih, tafsir, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan penelitian terdahulu terkait KDRT, kemudian di analisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan ekonomi di Desa Jati Datar Mataram muncul dalam berbagai bentuk, di antaranya penelantaran nafkah, pelarangan bekerja, pembatasan akses keuangan, penguasaan pendapatan istri, eksploitasi ekonomi, dan pembebanan utang. Kekerasan ini berdampak signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis istri, ditandai dengan menurunnya kemandirian, rasa aman, hubungan sosial, dan penguasaan lingkungan yang pada akhirnya memicu stres hingga depresi. Dalam perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam, praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan prinsip qiwāmah yang menekankanvii kewajiban suami untuk menafkahi, melindungi, dan menjaga keadilan dalam rumah tangga. Para ulama, termasuk dalam tafsir progresif, menegaskan bahwa suami kehilangan legitimasi kepemimipinannya ketika tidak menunaikan nafkah secara layak. Dengan demikian, kekerasan ekonomi dikategorikan sebagai bentuk dharar yang memberi hak bagi istri untuk menuntut pemenuhan nafkah-nya, hingga mengajukan perceraian apabila diperlukan. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya edukasi, penegakan hukum, dan pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan sebagai upaya preventif dan kuratif terhadap kekerasan ekonomi dalam rumah tangga. ABSTRACT Marriage in Islam is a sacred institution intended to realize tranquility, harmony, and the overall well-being of family life. However, this ideal is not always achieved, one of the contributing factors being the emergence of Domestic Violence, particularly economic violence. Data from the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection in 2024 indicate that 80% of women have experienced acts of violence, with approximately 60% of these occurring within the household. Economic violence occurs when a husband restricts his wife’s access to financial resources, neglects the obligation of maintenance, controls her income, or exploits her economically. This phenomenon is also found in Jati Datar Mataram Village, Central Lampung, as evidenced by the high number of cases in which wives do not receive adequate maintenance, are prohibited from working, and experience the appropriation of their income. The resulting impacts extend beyond economic instability to include psychological disturbances such as anxiety, depression, loss of autonomy, and low psychological well-being among wives. The research problems addressed in this study concern the forms of economic violence, their impact on the psychological condition of wives, and the perspective of Islamic Family Law on this phenomenon. This study employs a field research design with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Primary data were obtained through direct observation and interviews with victims of economic violence and village officials as supporting informants. Secondary data were collected through a literature review covering fiqh literature, Qur’anic exegesis, statutory regulations, and previous studies on domestic violence, and were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The findings reveal that economic violence in Jati Datar Mataram Village manifests in various forms, including neglect of maintenance, prohibition from working, restriction of financial access, control over the wife’s income, economic exploitation, and imposition of debt. Such violence has a significant impact on the psychological wellbeing of wives, as indicated by a decline in autonomy, sense of security, social relationships, and environmental mastery, ultimately leading to stress and depression. From the perspective of Islamic Family Law, these practices contradict the principle of qiwamah, which emphasizes the husband’s obligation to provide maintenance, protection, and justiceix within the household. Scholars, including those adopting progressive interpretations, assert that a husband loses the legitimacy of his leadership when he fails to fulfill his obligation of proper maintenance. Accordingly, economic violence is classified as a form of dharar that entitles the wife to demand the fulfillment of maintenance and, if necessary, to seek divorce. These findings underscore the need for education, law enforcement, and women’s economic empowerment as preventive and curative measures against economic violence in the household.

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