PENGARUH CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI), FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI), DAN INFLASI TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2024 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

ARYA, SAPTA DINATA (2026) PENGARUH CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX (CPI), FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI), DAN INFLASI TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2018-2024 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM. Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Ketimpangan Pendapatan merupakan permasalahan struktural yang masih dihadapi perekonomian Indonesia. Meskipun pertumbuhan ekonomi menunjukkan tren positif, distribusi hasil pembangunan belum merata. Nilai Gini Ratio yang stagnan di atas 0,38 menunjukkan bahwa kesejahteraan belum dinikmati secara adil oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Ketimpangan ini diperparah oleh tingginya tingkat korupsi, konsentrasi Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di wilayah tertentu, serta tekanan inflasi yang menurunkan daya beli masyarakat berpendapatan rendah. Faktor-faktor tersebut diduga berperan penting dalam memperlebar kesenjangan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Corruption Perception Index (CPI), FDI, dan inflasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia periode 2018–2024 serta meninjaunya dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda melalui teknik Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial CPI berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, artinya peningkatan persepsi korupsi belum mampu menekan kesenjangan ekonomi. FDI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan investasi asing cenderung memperlebar kesenjangan. Sementara itu, inflasi berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Secara simultan, ketiga variabel berpengaruh signifikan. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam, ketimpangan pendapatan bertentangan dengan prinsip al-‘adl (keadilan) dan maslahah (kemaslahatan), sehingga dibutuhkan tata kelola ekonomi yang adil, transparan, dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai syariah. ABSTRACT Income inequality remains a structural problem that continues to challenge Indonesia’s economy. Although economic growth has shown a positive trend, the distribution of development outcomes is still uneven. The Gini Ratio, which remains stagnant above 0.38, indicates that prosperity has not been fairly enjoyed by all levels of society. This inequality is exacerbated by high levels of corruption, the concentration of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in certain regions, and inflationary pressures that reduce the purchasing power of low-income groups. These factors are believed to play an important role in widening Indonesia’s economic disparity. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), FDI, and inflation on income inequality in Indonesia during the 2018–2024 period and to review the findings from an Islamic economic perspective. The study employs a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. The data collection methods used are documentation and literature study. The results show that, partially, CPI has a positive but insignificant effect on income inequality, meaning that improvements in corruption perception have not yet succeeded in reducing economic disparity. FDI has a positive and significant effect, indicating that increased foreign investment tends to widen income inequality. Meanwhile, inflation has a negative but insignificant effect on income inequality. Simultaneously, the three variables have a significant effect. From the perspective of Islamic economics, income inequality contradicts the principles of al-‘adl (justice) and maslahah (public welfare). Therefore, an economic governance system that upholds fairness, transparency, and compliance with Islamic values is needed to achieve equitable prosperity.

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