DAMPAK BANK PLECIT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA TAMBAHREJO KECAMATAN GADINGREJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU

ELYNDA, SILVIA (2025) DAMPAK BANK PLECIT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA TAMBAHREJO KECAMATAN GADINGREJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU. Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Kehadiran lembaga keuangan informal seperti Bank Plecit di Desa Tambahrejo, Kecamatan Gadingrejo, Kabupaten Pringsewu, merupakan fenomena sosial yang mencerminkan kesenjangan akses masyarakat terhadap layanan keuangan formal. Bank Plecit menawarkan pinjaman tanpa agunan dengan proses cepat, namun dengan bunga tinggi dan sistem penagihan yang intensif. Kondisi ini menarik minat masyarakat yang mengalami tekanan ekonomi, terutama pasca pandemi. Namun, praktik ini tidak hanya berdampak pada aspek ekonomi, tetapi juga menimbulkan perubahan dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat, seperti menurunnya partisipasi dalam kegiatan sosial, meningkatnya rasa malu dan isolasi sosial, serta muncul nya stigma negatif terhadap para peminjam. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana Keberadaan Bank Plecit Pada Masyarakat Desa Tambahrejo? dan Bagaimana Dampak perubahan Sosial Pada Masyarakat di Desa Tambahrejo?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana keberadaan Bank Plecit mempengaruhi perubahan sosial masyarakat di Desa Tambahrejo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yakni penelitian yang berfokus pada penggambaran dan pemahaman mendalam tentang suatu fenomena, situasi, atau objek penelitian apa adanya, tanpa manipulasi variabel dengan sifat deskriptif yakni hasil penelitian berupa uraian kalimat yang menjelaskan pemahaman tentang objek atau fenomena penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis yakni mengkaji suatu objek (fenomena sosial) dari sudut pandang masyarakat, dengan fokus pada interaksi sosial, pola organisasi, dan struktur sosial yang ada di dalamnya.Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian dipilih secara purposive, terdiri dari kepala desa, ketua RT/RW, tokoh agama, serta warga yang menjadi nasabah Bank Plecit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Bank Plecit di Desa Tambahrejo merupakan respons atas sulitnya akses keuangan formal, terutama sejak 2017 dan meningkat saat pandemi. Praktik ini tidak hanya didorong oleh alasan ekonomi, tetapi juga oleh nilai sosial, emosi, dan kebiasaan, sesuai teori tindakan sosial Max Weber. Ketergantungan warga pada pinjaman cepat ini memicu konflik sosial, beban psikologis, serta menurunnya solidaritas dan keharmonisan masyarakat. Meski membantu kebutuhan mendesak, Bank Plecit justru memperkuat siklus utang dan kerentanan sosial jangka panjang. Bank Plecit di Desa Tambahrejo menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hubungan sosial, meningkatnya konflik, dan keterasingan warga akibat tekanan utang. Budaya gotong royong tergeser oleh pola hidup konsumtif dan individualistik. Praktik tanggung renteng memicu konflik antarwarga, bahkan dalam keluarga. Jika dibiarkan, kondisi ini dapat memperdalam disorganisasi sosial. Solusinya adalah edukasi keuangan dan akses ke lembaga keuangan legal. Kata Kunci: Dampak, Bank Plecit, Perubahan Sosial. ABSTRACT The presence of informal financial institutions such as Bank Plecit in Tambahrejo Village, Gadingrejo Subdistrict, Pringsewu Regency, is a social phenomenon that reflects the gap in public access to formal financial services. Bank Plecit offers unsecured loans with fast processes, but with high interest rates and intensive debt collection systems. This condition attracts communities facing economic pressure, especially in the post-pandemic period. However, this practice not only impacts the economic aspect but also causes changes in the social life of the community, such as decreased participation in social activities, increased feelings of shame and social isolation, as well as the emergence of negative stigma toward borrowers. The research problem formulation is How is the existence of Plecit Bank in the Tambahrejo Village community? and How is the impact of social change on the community in Tambahrejo Village? The purpose of this research is to determine how the existence of Plecit Bank influences social change in the community in Tambahrejo Village. This research uses a qualitative method, namely research that focuses on the description and in-depth understanding of a phenomenon, situation, or object of research as it is, without manipulation of variables with a descriptive nature, namely the results of the research in the form of a sentence description that explains the understanding of the object or phenomenon of research. This research uses a sociological approach, namely studying an object (social phenomenon) from the perspective of society, with a focus on social interactions, organizational patterns, and social structures within it. Data collection techniques include observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Research informants were selected purposively, consisting of village heads, RT / RW heads, religious leaders, and residents who are customers of Bank Plecit. The research findings indicate that the presence of Bank Plecit in Tambahrejo Village is a response to limited access to formal financial institutions, particularly since 2017 and increasingly during the pandemic. This practice is driven not only by economic factors but also by social values, emotions, and habitual behavior, in line with Max Weber’s theory of social action. Residents’ dependence on quick loans has triggered social conflicts, psychological burdens, and a decline in community solidarity and harmony. While it addresses urgent financial needs, Bank Plecit actually reinforces cycles of debt and long-term social vulnerability. Bank Plecit has also led to a deterioration in social relationships, rising conflicts, and social isolation among residents due to debt pressure. The spirit of mutual cooperation has been replaced by a more consumerist and individualistic lifestyle. The group loan (tanggung renteng) system often sparks disputes between residents, even within families. If left unaddressed, this situation may deepen social disorganization. The recommended solutions are financial literacy education and improved access to legal financial institutions. Keywords: Impact, Bank Plecit, Social Change.

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