SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS: WORK ENGAGEMENT PADA KARYAWAN OUTSOURCING

Adevira, Eka Ramona SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS: WORK ENGAGEMENT PADA KARYAWAN OUTSOURCING. JURNAL PSIKOLOGI DAN KONSELING : Jurusan Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan (Universitas Negeri Medan).

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Abstract

ABSTRACT In companies or organizations, work engagement is considered essential because employees need to be fully involved in performing their tasks, which in turn enhances productivity. However, maintaining a high level of work engagement among outsourced employees poses a challenge. This is influenced by factors such as decent working conditions, fair wages, and overall well-being, especially considering the contractual nature of their employment. This study aims to explain the factors and challenges that affect work engagement among outsourced employees. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and Bibliometric Analysis. The inclusion criteria for the articles in this study were journal articles discussing work engagement with a focus on outsourced employees, published between 2017 and 2024, and open access. A total of 589 articles were retrieved from eight databases: EBSCO, Emerald Insight, PubMed, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Semantic Scholar, and Taylor and Francis, using the keywords “work engagement” AND “outsourcing”, “employee engagement” AND “outsourcing”, “keterikatan kerja” AND “alih daya”, and “keterlibatan kerja” AND “alih daya”. The results showed that 35 duplicate articles were found, 117 articles were outside the 2017–2024 range, 410 articles had irrelevant titles, and 5 articles had no abstracts or were inaccessible. After the screening process, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that person-organization fit, job autonomy, and work environment are the most influential factors affecting work engagement among outsourced employees. Additionally, burnout, turnover intention, job insecurity, job fatigue, and time pressure, if not properly managed, can become challenges or obstacles to work engagement among outsourced employees. Keywords: Work Engagement, Outsourcing, Systematic Literature Review, Bibliometric Analysis. ABSTRAK Dalam perusahaan atau organisasi, work engagement dianggap penting karena karyawan perlu terlibat sepenuhnya dalam menjalankan pekerjaan sehingga menjadikan karyawan lebih produktif. Namun menjaga tingkat work engagement pada karyawan outsourcing merupakan sebuah tantangan, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kerja yang layak, upah yang adil, dan kesejahteraan dimana mengingat sistem kerjanya merupakan sistem kerja kontrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor serta tantangan tantangan yang mempengaruhi work engagement pada karyawan outsourcing. Metode penelitian ini adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) menggunakan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) dan Bibliometric Analysis. Adapun kriteria inklusi artikel pada penelitian ini yaitu artikel jurnal mengenai work engagement dengan membahas subjek karyawan outsourcing, terbit dalam rentang tahun 2017-2024, dan open access. Sebanyak 589 artikel diperoleh dari 8 database, yaitu Ebsco, Emerald Insight, PubMed, Sage Journals, Scient Direct, Scopus, Semantic, dan Taylor and Francis, dengan kata kunci “work engagement” AND “outsourcing”, ”employee engagement” AND “outsourcing”, “keterikatan kerja” DAN “alih daya”, “keterlibatan kerja” DAN “ahli daya”. Ditemukan 35 artikel duplikat, 117 artikel di luar rentang tahun 2017–2024, 410 artikel dengan judul tidak relevan, serta 5 artikel tanpa abstrak atau tidak dapat diakses. Setelah proses penyaringan, tersisa 22 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa person organization fit, jo autonomy, dan work environment merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi work engagement pada karyawan outsourcing. Selain itu, burnout, turnover intention, job insecurity, job fatigue, dan time pressure yang jika tidak ditangani dengan baik dapat menjadi tantangan atau menjadi penghambat dalam work engagement pada karyawan outsourcing. Kata Kunci: Keterikatan Kerja, Alih Daya, Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis, Analisis Bibliometrik.

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