ANALISIS TERHADAP AKAD JUAL BELI ONLINE SHOP MENURUT PANDANGAN MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (Studi di Majelis Ulama Indonesia Provinsi Lampung)

Kirana, Salsabila (2025) ANALISIS TERHADAP AKAD JUAL BELI ONLINE SHOP MENURUT PANDANGAN MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (Studi di Majelis Ulama Indonesia Provinsi Lampung). Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik akad jual beli dalam konteks jual beli online shop berdasarkan perspektif hukum Islam, khususnya menurut pandangan Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Provinsi Lampung. Akad sebagai perjanjian antara penjual dan pembeli memiliki rukun dan syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar transaksi dianggap sah menurut syariah. Era modern dan era teknologi saat ini, jual beli tidak harus berhadapan langsung tetapi sudah bisa via internet dan telepon, atau jual beli melalui kartu debit (debet card) dan pembayaran melalui cek/giro. Jual beli Online diartikan sebagai jual beli barang dan jasa melalui media elektronik, khususnya melalui internet atau secara Online, yang mana transaksi jual beli ini tidak mengharuskan penjual dan pembeli bertemu secara langsung atau saling menatap muka secara langsung, dengan menentukan ciri-ciri, jenis barang, sedangkan untuk harganya dibayar terlebih dahulu baru diserahkan barangnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, di mana penulis melakukan wawancara dan pengamatan langsung terhadap pelaku bisnis online dan konsumen di Provinsi Lampung. Informan yang diwawancarai oleh penulis berjumlah 4 orang yaitu, terdiri dari 1 orang anggota majelis ulama Indonesia, sedangkan 3 diantaranya merupakan penjual dan pembeli online shop. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis untuk memahami penerapan akad dalam praktik jual beli online serta pandangan Majelis Ulama Indonesia terkait dengan transaksi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli online shop dilakukan melalui media elektronik. Jual beli online shop ini salah satunya menggunakan media tiktok shop. Jual beli online shop menggunakan media tiktok shop ini pertama konsumen memilih barang yang diinginkan kemudian, konsumen memilih metode pembayaran. Metode pembayaran yang dipilih salah satunya yaitu transfer uang ke penjual dan menunggu pembayaran disetujui oleh penjual setelah pembayaran sudah disetujui, pembeli menunggu barang tersebut untuk dikirim sesuai dengan tenggang waktu yang sudah ditentukan dalam aplikasi kemudian, barang dikirim ke alamat pembeli yang sudah tertera di aplikasi tersebut. Pandangan Mejelis Ulama Indonesia terhadap jual beli online shop ini sudah diatur dalam Fatwa MUI No.146/DSN-MUI/XII/2021 tentang online shop berdasarkan prinsip syariah, Jual beli Online diperbolehkan asal tidak ada dalil yang melarangnya, dan transaksi tersebut tidak mengandung unsur-unsur yang merusaknya seperti riba, dzalim, penipuan dan kecurangan sejenisnya serta mematuhi prinsip-prinsip perdagangan dalam Islam diantaranya transaksi yang dilakukan secara adil, kejujuran barang yang halal, kepemilikan dan tanggung jawab dan perlindungan hak-hak konsumen. Kata Kunci : Jual Beli Online, Hukum Islam, MUI, Akad. ABSTRACT This study examines the practice of sale and purchase agreements in the context of online shop sales and purchases based on the perspective of Islamic law, especially according to the views of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) of Lampung Province. The agreement as an agreement between the seller and the buyer has pillars and conditions that must be met so that the transaction is considered valid according to sharia. In the modern era and the current technological era, buying and selling does not have to be face to face but can be via the internet and telephone, or buying and selling via debit card and payment via check/giro. Online buying and selling is defined as buying and selling goods and services through electronic media, especially via the internet or online, where this buying and selling transaction does not require the seller and buyer to meet directly or look each other in the face directly, by determining the characteristics, types of goods, while the price is paid first and then the goods are delivered. This study uses a field research method with a qualitative approach, where the author conducted interviews and direct observations of online business actors and consumers in Lampung Province. The informants interviewed by the author were 4 people, consisting of 1 member of the Indonesian Ulema Council, while 3 of them were online shop sellers and buyers. The data obtained were then analyzed to understand the application of contracts in online buying and selling practices and the views of the Indonesian Ulema Council regarding the transaction. The results of the study show that the practice of online shop buying and selling is carried out through electronic media. One of these online shop buying and selling uses the TikTok shop media. Online shop buying and selling uses the TikTok shop media, first the consumer chooses the desired item, then the consumer chooses the payment method. One of the payment methods chosen is to transfer money to the seller and wait for the payment to be approved by the seller. After the payment has been approved, the buyer waits for the item to be sent according to the deadline specified in the application, then the item is sent to the buyer's address listed in the application. The view of the Indonesian Ulema Council on online shop buying and selling has been regulated in the MUI Fatwa No.146/DSN MUI/XII/2021 concerning online shops based on sharia principles, Online buying and selling is permitted as long as there is no evidence prohibiting it, and the transaction does not contain elements that damage it such as usury, injustice, fraud and similar cheating and comply with the principles of trade in Islam including transactions carried out fairly, honesty of halal goods, ownership and responsibility and protection of consumer rights. Keywords: Online Sales, Islamic Law, MUI, Contract.

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