PENGARUH MANDATORY SPENDING DAN UNCONDITIONAL GRANTS TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PADA 34 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM TAHUN 2020-2023

Oktiana, Ni’maturrahmah Putri (2024) PENGARUH MANDATORY SPENDING DAN UNCONDITIONAL GRANTS TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PADA 34 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM TAHUN 2020-2023. Diploma thesis, UIN Raden Intan Lampung.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh mandatory spending dan unconditional grants terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Untuk menekan angka ketimpangan pemerintah membuat beberapa kebijakan diantaranya belanja wajib sektor kesehatan dan belanja wajib sektor pendidikan. Selain itu, adanya transfer dana dari pusat ke daerah berupa Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH) diharapkan mampu untuk menekan angka ketimpangan pada setiap daerah di Indonesia. Namun dalam praktiknya kebijakan ini belum sepenuhnya mampu mengatasi masalah ketimpangan. Oleh karena itu, rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah apakah pengaruh mandatory spending dan unconditional grants terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini disajikan dalam bentuk data panel selama 4 tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2020-2023, yang dikaji menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier berganda dan memakai alat bantu analisis yakni EViews 10. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang dipakai adalah sampling jenuh. Hasil uji penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial variabel mandatory spending sektor kesehatan dan variabel mandatory spending sektor pendidikan memiliki arah hubungan negatif dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Sedangkan DAU memiliki arah hubungan negatif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Dan variabel DBH memiliki arah hubungan positif dan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. Secara simultan keempat variabel bebas, mandatory spending sektor kesehatan, mandatory spending sektor pendidikan, DAU, dan DBH berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2020-2023. Islam melarang setiap tindakan atau perilaku yang dapat menyebabkan kemiskinan dan ketimpangan. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam ditekankan untuk menciptakan keadilan sosial dan kesejahteraan bersama. Kata Kunci: Mandatory spending, unconditional grants dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the effect of mandatory spending and unconditional grants on income distribution inequality in 34 provinces in Indonesia. To reduce inequality, the government has made several policies, including mandatory spending on health and mandatory spending on education. In addition, the transfer of funds from the centre to the regions in the form of the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) is expected to reduce inequality in each region in Indonesia. However, in practice, this policy has not been able to fully address the problem of inequality. Therefore, the problem formulation of this research is ehat is the effect of mandatory spending and unconditional grants on income distribution inequality in 34 provinces in Indonesia, either partially or simultaneously. This research is presented in the form of panel data for the last 4 years, namely 2020-2023, which is studied using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis and using analytical tools, namely EViews 10. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. The results of the research test concluded that partially, the compulsory expenditure variable in the health sector and the compulsory expenditure variable in the education sector have a negative relationship direction and have no significant effect on income distribution inequality. Meanwhile, DAU has a negative relationship direction and has a significant effect on income distribution inequality. And the DBH variable has a positive direction of relationship and has no significant effect on income distribution inequality. Simultaneously, the four independent variables, namely mandatory expenditure on health, mandatory expenditure on education, DAU, and DBH, have a significant effect on income distribution inequality in 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2020-2023. Islam prohibits any action or behaviour that can cause poverty and inequality. In the perspective of Islamic economics, this is emphasised to create social justice and shared prosperity. Keywords: Mandatory spending, unconditional grants and income distribution inequality.

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