SHARIA CROWDFUNDING LAYANAN URUN DANA SYARIAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

Rahmat, Kurnia Jaya (2023) SHARIA CROWDFUNDING LAYANAN URUN DANA SYARIAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM. Diploma thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Pesatnya perkembangan layanan financial technology menyebabkan inovasi-inovasi baru muncul. Salah satunya adalah crowdfunding. Crowdfunding adalah layanan urun dana menggunakan media online. Namun, konsep crowdfunding yang masih menerapkan sistem konvensional menyebabkan beberapa kalangan, terkhusus masyarakat muslim merasa enggan untuk ikut serta, munculnya perasaan takut jika dalam kegiatan transaksi layanan urun dana atau crowdfunding masih terdapat unsur maghrib (maysir, gharar, dan riba) yang mana unsur-unsur tersebut dilarang dalam agama Islam. Sehingga muncullah inovasi baru yaitu sharia crowdfunding. Hal ini dikarenakan belum ada aturan yang secara khusus yang mengatur sharia crowdfunding. Akan tetapi sudah ada aturan yang bisa dijadikan acuan dalam pelaksananaan sharia crowdfunding karena merupakan bagian dari fintech syariah yaitu Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia Nomor 117/DSN-MUI/II2018 tentang Layanan Pembiayaan Berbasis Teknologi Informasi berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana konsep sharia crowdfunding atau layanan urun dana syariah dan bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap sharia crowdfunding atau layanan urun dana syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsep sharia crowdfunding atau layanan urun dana syariah, serta untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap sharia crowdfunding atau layanan urun dana syariah. Selain itu jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (Library research), penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis yang menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dalam konsepnya Ada empat stakeholders dalam sharia crowdfunding, yaitu: (1) Project Initiator (pelaku bisnis/penerbit), dapat berupa individu, organisasi, atau perusahaan bisnis. (2) Pendanaan/pemodal (investor). (3) Platform sharia crowdfunding atau sharia crowdfunding operator (SCFO). (4) Dewan Pengawas Syariah sebagai pengawas operasional. Terdapat dua bentuk perjanjian yang biasa diterapkan dalam sharia crowdfunding yaitu perjanjian bagi hasil dan juga perjanjian dengan pinjaman. Adapun dalam agama Islam perjanjian bagi hasil dikenal dengan istilah mudharabah dan musyarakah. Adapun pandangan hukum Islam terhadap sharia crowdfunding ialah bahwa sharia crowdfunding sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam hukum Islam karena dalam prakteknya sharia crowdfunding menggunakan akad bagi hasil dan akad bentuk pinjaman. Akad bagi hasil dalam Islam dikenal dengan istilah akad mudharabah dan musyarakah. Sedangkan akad bentuk pinjaman disebut akad qard. Selain itu, peraturan yang menjadi landasan hukum dalam layanan sharia crowdfunding adalah Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) No: 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 tentang Layanan Pembiayaan Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Berdasarkan Prinsip Syari‟ah. iv ABSTRACT The rapid development of financial technology services has caused new innovations to emerge. One of them is crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a crowdfunding service using online media. However, the concept of crowdfunding, which still applies a conventional system, has caused some groups, especially Muslim communities, to feel reluctant to participate, and there is a feeling of fear that in crowdfunding or crowdfunding service transaction activities there are still elements of maghrib (maysir, gharar and usury), which are elements of This element is prohibited in Islam. So a new innovation emerged, namely sharia crowdfunding. This is because there are no specific regulations governing sharia crowdfunding. However, there are already regulations that can be used as a reference in implementing sharia crowdfunding because it is part of sharia fintech, namely the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 117/DSN-MUI/II2018 concerning Information Technology�Based Financing Services based on Sharia Principles. The formulation of the problem in this research is what the concept of sharia crowdfunding or sharia crowdfunding services is and how Islamic law views sharia crowdfunding or sharia crowdfunding services. This research aims to find out the concept of sharia crowdfunding or sharia crowdfunding services, as well as to find out how Islamic law views sharia crowdfunding or sharia crowdfunding services. Apart from that, this type of research is library research, this research is descriptive analysis using qualitative methods. The data source in this research was obtained through documentation. Based on the research results, in the concept there are four stakeholders in sharia crowdfunding, namely: (1) Project Initiator (business actor/publisher), can be an individual, organization or business company. (2) Funding/investors (investors). (3) Sharia crowdfunding platform or sharia crowdfunding operator (SCFO). (4) Sharia Supervisory Board as operational supervisor. There are two forms of agreement that are usually applied in sharia crowdfunding, namely a profit sharing agreement and also a loan agreement. In Islam, profit sharing agreements are known as mudharabah and musyarakah. The view of Islamic law towards sharia crowdfunding is that sharia crowdfunding is in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law because in practice sharia crowdfunding uses profit sharing agreements and loan contracts. Profit sharing contracts in Islam are known as mudharabah and musyarakah contracts. Meanwhile, a loan contract is called a qard contract. Apart from that, the regulations that form the legal basis for sharia crowdfunding services are the Fatwa of the National Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI) No: 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018 concerning Information Technology-Based Financing Services Based on Sharia Principles

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