LEGALITAS FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH): PEER TO PEER (P2P) LENDING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARI‘AH

SAYYIDAH, SEKAR DEWI KULSUM (2022) LEGALITAS FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH): PEER TO PEER (P2P) LENDING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARI‘AH. Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Peer To Peer Lending adalah salah satu bentuk Financial Technology (Fintech), yang berupa Layanan pinjam meminjam uang. Layanan ini dapat diakses langsung secara online oleh masyarakat, tanpa BI Checking, tanpa agunan, dan tidak perlu bertemu secara langsung antara para pihak ( Penyelenggara Platform, Pemberi Pinjaman (investor), dan peminjam dana). Meskipun kemajuan teknologi pada layanan ini memberikan kemudahan pada proses pencairan, namun sangat memberatkan dalam proses pembayaran dan menimbulkan banyak keresahan di masyarakat. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah, 1. Bagaimana pelaksanaan Financial Technology: Peer To Peer Lending di Indonesia? dan 2. Bagaimana Legalitas Peer To Peer Lending dengan penerapan bunga - berbunga ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syari„ah?. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jawaban sejelas mungkin tentang masalah yang diteliti. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu dengan cara mengolah data sekunder yang berisikan kajian teoritis mengenai Peer To Peer Lending yang dianalisa berdasarkan kerangka teori Maqāṣid Asy- Syari„ah. Sedangkan jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research). Berdasarkan hasil temuan, dapat dikemukakan bahwa Pelaksanaan Financial Technology: Peer To Peer Lending (Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi) di Indonesia masih terdapat banyak kelemahan pada regulasinya, seperti belum adanya penetapan besaran maksimum bunga pinjaman, ketentuan penyelesaian sengketa, sanksi bagi Platform yang tidak terdaftar di OJK, dan sosialisasi mengenai regulasi layanan yang belum maksimal. Secara Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, transaksi ini tergolong pada Utang-piutang (Al - Qarḍ). Proses Perikatan Utang-piutang antara para pihak (penyelenggara, pemberi pinjaman/investor, dan penerima pinjaman) dengan penerapan bunga-berbunga dipenuhi unsur Maysīr, Garar, dan Riba. Sehingga Legalitas Peer To Peer Lending tidak sesuai dengan Maqāṣid Asy- Syari„ah. karena lebih banyak menimbulkan muḍarat. iii ABSTRACT Peer To Peer Lending is a form of Financial Technology (Fintech), which is a money lending service. This service can be accessed directly online by the public, without BI Checking, without collateral, and there is no need to meet directly between the parties (Platform Operators, Lenders (investors), and borrowers of funds). Although technological advances in this service provide convenience in the disbursement process, it is very burdensome in the payment process and causes a lot of unrest in the community. The formulation of the problem in this research are, 1. How is the implementation of Financial Technology: Peer To Peer Lending in Indonesia? and 2. What is the legality of Peer To Peer Lending with the application of interest-bearing terms from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law?. This study aims to find out the answer as clearly as possible about the problem under study. The research method uses a qualitative approach, namely by processing secondary data which contains a theoretical study of Peer To Peer Lending which is analyzed based on the Maqāṣid Asy-Shari'ah theoretical framework. Meanwhile, this type of research is library research. Based on the findings, it can be stated that the implementation of Financial Technology: Peer To Peer Lending (Information Technology-Based Money Lending Services) in Indonesia still has many weaknesses in its regulations, such as the absence of a determination of the maximum amount of loan interest, provisions for dispute resolution, sanctions for platforms that not registered with OJK, and socialization regarding service regulations that have not been maximized. According to Sharia Economic Law, this transaction is classified as Debts (Al - Qarḍ). The Debt Commitment Process between the parties (providers, lenders/investors, and loan recipients) with the application of interest-bearing elements is filled with Maysīr, Garar, and Riba elements. So that the legality of Peer To Peer Lending is not in accordance with Maqāṣid Asy-Shari'ah. because it causes more harm

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