DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

KHAVID, NORMASYHURI (2022) DETERMINAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM. Masters thesis, UIN RADEN INTAN LAMPUNG.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan dunia masuk dalam kondisi krisis baik krisis kesehatan maupun krisis ekonomi. Covid-19 menghambat aktivitas ekonomi dan memberikan tekanan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia ke depan serta mengubah lingkungan makro ekonomi dunia baik dari aspek perdagangan, aspek pariwisata dan aspek perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Kasus pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan penawaran dan permintaan barang pada sektor perdagangan dan mengganggu rantai perdagangan global. Selain itu penurunan yang besar dari kedatangan wisatawan mancanegara mengakibatkan terkanan pada sektor pariwisata. Pandemi Covid-19 menjadi tantangan bagi sektor perbankan dimana bank syari’ah dituntut untuk dapat melakukan aktivitasnya ditengah ancaman paparan Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat bagaimana perbedaan pertumbuhan ekonomi, sektor perdagangan, sektor pariwisata dan sektor perbankan sebelum dan ketika terjadi pandemi Covid-19 dan bagaimana peran sektor perdagangan,sektor pariwisata dan sektor perbankan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi menurut perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan sifat komparatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang di publikasikan oleh Bank Indonesia Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia (Kemendagri), Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif (Kemenparekraf) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Alat statistik yang di gunakan yaitu berupa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Versi 21. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada Pertumbuhan ekonomi ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan ketika Covid-19 hal ini disebabkan karena efektivitas kebijakan, tingkat keterpaparan dan karakter dalam menghadapi krisis yang terjadi akibat Covid-19. Pada Sektor Perdagangan ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan ketika Covid-19 hal ini terjadi disebabkan oleh kenaikan biaya perdagangan,gangguan transportasi,logistik,dan rantai pasokan, serta pembatasan perdagangan akibat pandemi Covid-19. Pada Sektor Pariwisata ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan ketika Covid-19 hal ini terjadi karena pembatasan perjalanan yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah menyebabkan pengurangan perjalanan wisatawan baik domestik maupun internasional. Pada Sektor Perbankan ada perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum dan ketika terjadi Covid-19 hal ini terjadi karena efek dari Covid-19 menyebabkan nasabah mengalami penurunan usaha sehingga banyak melakukan pengajuan pembiayaan baru. Pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam perspektif Islam harus memasukkan aspek aksiologis (nilai, moral) agar pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak hanya diorientasikan kepada kesejahteraan materi saja melainkan memasukkan juga aspek ruhaniyah. Ukuran keberhasilan tidak semata-mata dilihat dari sisi pencapain materi atau hasil dari kuantitas namun juga ditinjau dari sisi perbaikan kehidupan agama, sosial dan kemasyarakatan. Kata Kunci : Pandemi Covid-19, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Sektor Perdagangan, Sektor Pariwisata, Sektor Perbankan dan Ekonomi Islam iv ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the world to enter into a state of crisis, both a health crisis and an economic crisis. Covid-19 hampers economic activity and puts pressure on future world economic growth and changes the world's macroeconomic environment, both in terms of trade, aspects and aspects of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The case of the Covid-19 pandemic caused a decrease in supply and demand for goods in the trade sector and disruption of global trade chains. In addition, a large decline in foreign tourist arrivals has put pressure on the tourism sector. The Covid-19 pandemic is a challenge for the banking sector where Islamic banks are easy to carry out their activities amid the threat of the danger of Covid-19. This study aims to see how the differences in economic growth, the trade sector, the tourism sector and the banking sector before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and how the role of the trade sector, tourism sector and banking sector in increasing economic growth according to an Islamic economic perspective. This study uses quantitative research with a comparative nature. The data sources used are secondary data published by Bank Indonesia, the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemendagri), the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy (Kemenparekraf) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The statistical tool used is in the form of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Version 21. This study found that in economic growth there was a significant difference before and during Covid-19 this was due to the effectiveness of policies, level of exposure and character in dealing with the crisis that occurred due to Covid-19. In the trade sector, there were significant differences before and during Covid-19, this was due to the increase in trade costs, transportation, logistics, and supply chain disruptions, as well as trade restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the Tourism Sector there is a significant difference before and during Covid-19, this is because the travel restrictions imposed by the government have resulted in a reduction in tourist travel, both domestic and international. In the Banking Sector, there is a significant difference before and when Covid-19 occurs, this occurs because the effects of Covid-19 have caused customers to experience a decrease in business so that many apply for new financing. Economic growth in the Islamic perspective must include axiological aspects (values, morals) so that economic growth is not only oriented to material welfare but also includes spiritual aspects. The measure of success is not only seen in terms of material achievements or results from quantity but also in terms of improving religious, social and community life. Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Economic Growth, Trade Sector, Tourism Sector, Banking Sector, and Islamic Economy

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